perm filename RUNOFF.DOC[IL,LSP] blob
sn#155498 filedate 1975-04-19 generic text, type T, neo UTF8
R U N O F F
A Documentation Language
RUNOFF is a processor which is used to produce output,
in manuscript format, from a free format text file
consisting of text lines and text control commands. There
are many advantages in using RUNOFF in conjunction with the
text editors: TECO and LINED.
First of all, all documentation can be kept in files
which are stored on disk, DECtape, or magnetic tape,
depending on frequency of modifications to the documentation
files. The advantage of this procedure is that all
documentation can be kept up to date by using the
TIME-SHARING SYSTEM. To update a document, one merely
spends a few minutes using an editor to update the input
file to RUNOFF, and then uses RUNOFF to produce the updated
document. The small amount of initial effort which is
required to use RUNOFF is extremely low compared to the
effort which is required to update and re-type a document
the 2nd, 3rd, ... time.
Secondly, RUNOFF has been designed to allow text files
which have been generated on MODEL 33 teletypes, or other
devices which do not have the complete ASCII character set,
to print in the ASCII character set on devices which can
process the complete set. At the present time, the IBM 2741
data terminal, the MODEL 37 teletype and the model LP10E
line printer are the only full character set devices which
RUNOFF handles. As new terminals are used, RUNOFF will be
modified to allow full character set output on the
additional devices.
With an LP10E line printer, it is possible to run off a
completely updated documentation file in a few seconds
rather than having to wait hours or perhaps days for typed
output. In addition to its speed (500 lpm), the LP10E has a
complete set of Greek letters and mathematical symbols
"hidden" beneath the ASCII control characters. RUNOFF, of
course, provides a method for selecting any of the "hidden"
characters for output. Users of the IBM 2741 terminal, may
also extend the ASCII character set by using a variety of
type balls.
This description of RUNOFF is divided into three
sections; one section for each of the three execution states
of RUNOFF.
State 1: File Description State
The file description state is the first state which
RUNOFF enters. RUNOFF indicates that it is in this state by
typing an asterisk ("*") on the user's terminal. It then
waits for the user to type a file specification command,
which tells RUNOFF where the output is to go and where to
get the input file. The format of the file specification
is:
ODEV:OFILE.OEXT[ODIR]←IDEV:IFILE.IEXT[IDIR]
where ODEV, OFILE, OEXT, and ODIR are the output device,
output file name, output file extension and output file
directory, respectively. (NOTE: "←" is a left arrow on many
terminals.) Similarly, IDEV, IFILE, IEXT, and IDIR are the
input device, input file name, input file extension and
input file directory, respectively. All parts of the
specification are optional. RUNOFF makes the following
assumptions for missing parameters:
Missing Parameter Assumption made by RUNOFF
ODEV: TTY: if OFILE missing
DSK: if OFILE present
OFILE none
.OEXT .LST
[ODIR] user's directory
IDEV: TTY: if IFILE missing
DSK: if IFILE present
IFILE none
.IEXT .RNO
[IDIR] user's directory
Examples:
DTA1:MESS←MESSY[10,1]
Specifies input from device DSK: from directory [10,1] and
from the file MESSY.RNO. The output goes to device DTA1:
and is called MESS.LST.
FILENM.RNO
Specifies input from device DSK: from the user's own
directory and from the file FILENM.RNO. The output goes to
device TTY:.
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DSK:GARBAG.DMP[2,1]←TAPE1:FILE.TXT
Specifies input from logical device TAPE1: from the file
FILE.TXT. The output goes to device DSK: in directory [2,1]
(assuming write privileges) to the file GARBAG.DMP.
LPT:←NOEXT.
Specifies input from the logical device DSK: from the file
NOEXT. (Note that the "." after the file name indicates
that the file has no extension; otherwise, if the "." were
omitted, RUNOFF would assume an extension of RNO.) The
output goes to the device LPT:.
When a correct file specification command is typed to
RUNOFF, it rings the bell on the user's terminal and then
enters State 2.
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State 2: Direct Command State
When RUNOFF enters this state, after leaving State 1,
it sets the assumed mode for the text file which is to be
run off. The mode may be changed by direct commands or by
text commands which will be described in State 3.
The assumed RUNOFF mode is that of:
1. Line length of 60 characters
2. Top margin of 9 lines (= 1.5")
3. Bottom margin of 9 lines
4. Paper length of 66 lines (=11")
5. Left margin of 5 spaces if output device
is TTY33 or TTY37
Left margin of 15 spaces if output device
is a line printer or IBM 2741
6. Maximum line length of 132 characters
7. Stop after each page
8. Fill lines
9. Right justify lines
10. Single spacing
11. Tabs set at 1, 9, 17, 25, ...
12. Type ball 1 for IBM 2741
All of these modes can be changed by direct commands to
RUNOFF except modes 6, 8, 9, 10 and 11. Modes 8, 9, 10 and
11 can be reset by text commands which will be described in
State 3. Mode 6 can never be reset.
Except where explicitly specified, the following direct
commands always return to State 2, after taking the
appropriate action, to accept another direct command.
BALL N
The type ball to be used for typing the document may be
changed by this command. N is a reference number which is
used to uniquely identify the character set of the type
ball. Initially, RUNOFF assumes that the code set is that
of type ball #1 (JOSS ball). This command has no effect
unless the output device is an IBM 2741 terminal. (See
Appendix A for detailed description of how to use the IBM
2741.)
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BM N
This command sets the bottom margin to N lines, unless
the current paper length minus the current top margin is
less than or equal to N.
CARDIN
RUNOFF will ignore all trailing spaces on lines which
are processed in NOFILL mode, if this command is used. This
command is generally used when input is from cards.
DONE
This command tells RUNOFF that the user is finished and
that RUNOFF should exit to the TIME-SHARING SYSTEM.
LL N
This command sets the line length to N spaces, if N is
less than 133.
LM N
This command sets the left hand margin to N spaces.
LP10
This command tells RUNOFF to assume that the output
device is a line printer of type LP10A, LP10B, or LP10C.
Unless an installation has an LP10E line printer, this mode
will be set after the file specification command if the
output device is a line printer.
LP10E
This command causes RUNOFF to output as if the output
device were an LP10E line printer. This mode will be set
after the file specification command, if the installation
has an LP10E line printer and the output device is a line
printer. Note that if output is to a disk file, which is to
be printed on a line printer, the LP10 or LP10E command
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should be used.
NOSTOP
This command resets the stop after each page mode.
RUNOFF will output each page without stopping until it
reaches the end of the input file.
PL N
This command sets the paper length to N lines, unless N
is less than the current top margin plus the current bottom
margin.
SSAL
Users who wish to split symbols across input text lines
may use this command to tell RUNOFF to ignore the carriage
return - line feed symbol delimiter if no space precedes the
carriage return. This mode only affects lines which are
processed in FILL mode.
SKIP N
This command makes RUNOFF skip N pages before doing any
output. If N is not specified, RUNOFF will assume that it
should skip the next page of output. If the stop after each
page mode is on, RUNOFF will return to State 2 after
skipping N pages.
TM N
This command tells RUNOFF to set the top margin to N
lines unless N is greater than the current paper length
minus the current bottom margin.
TTY33
This command causes RUNOFF to produce output which is
compatible with the MODEL 33 teletype. This mode is assumed
if the output device is TTY: (see exception below).
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TTY37
This command causes RUNOFF to produce output which is
compatible with the MODEL 37 teletype. This mode is assumed
if the user has done a .TTY LC monitor command on his
terminal, and the output device is TTY:.
"Nothing"
This command, which is typed by pressing only the
RETURN key on the terminal, is the null direct command. It
causes RUNOFF to enter State 3, in which it starts
processing the text input file and outputing to the output
device.
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State 3: Text Processing State
In this state RUNOFF processes a sequence of lines from
the input file and outputs the manuscript formatted text to
the output file. RUNOFF will return to State 2 after
outputing each page if the stop after each page mode is on.
When RUNOFF reaches the end of the input file it completes
the final page and returns to State 1.
In order to allow the user to specify how to process
the lines of text, RUNOFF recognizes lines which start with
a period (".") as text control command lines. A text
control command line consists of one or more text commands.
Each text command starts with a period. Undefined text
commands are ignored by RUNOFF. Text commands take effect
starting with the next text line and remain in effect until
reset, unless otherwise specified. To allieviate typing
time, each RUNOFF text command has an abbreviated form which
may be used in lieu of the regular form.
The following is a list of RUNOFF text commands and
their descriptions. The abbreviated form of each command is
enclosed in [ ].
ADJUST [AJ]
This command tells RUNOFF to right adjust each line so
that the right margin is straight. NOTE: Right
justification will not occur unless RUNOFF is in FILL mode.
This command causes any partially filled line to be output.
BEGIN PAGE N [BP]
If N is missing (or 0), this command causes RUNOFF to
break off any partially completed line and to start a new
page. If N is non-zero, a new page is begun only if the
number of remaining lines on the page is less than N.
BLANK N [BK]
If N > 1, RUNOFF processes this command as if it were a
symbol containing N-1 spaces. If N < 2, or if the current
mode is NOFILL, or FILL and JUSTIFY, RUNOFF ignores this
command. The symbol generated by this command cannot be
underlined.
Runoff-8
BOTTOM LINE [BL]
This command causes RUNOFF to skip to the bottom line
of the current page. The next output line will be output on
the bottom line of the page. This command breaks off any
partially filled text line.
BOTTOM MARGIN N [BMR]
The bottom margin is set to N lines by this command.
However, if the current paper length minus the current top
margin is less than N, the command has no effect.
BREAK [B]
This command causes any partially filled line to be
output before processing the next text line.
CAPITALIZE SENTENCES [CS]
This command puts RUNOFF in the "capitalize sentences"
mode. In this mode the first letter after the occurrence of
either a period followed by at least one space or by a
period followed by a carriage return is capitalized. The
previous statement also holds for the question mark "?" and
the exclamation point "!". One word of warning concerning
this mode: RUNOFF takes the previous statements literally!
CENTER [C]
This command tells RUNOFF to scan the next text line in
NOFILL mode and to center the characters of the line on the
next line of output. This command causes a BREAK to occur
before it does the centering.
CENTER LINE [CL]
This command is similar to the CENTER command. It
causes the next line of generated output to be centered,
instead of centering the next text input line. This command
causes a BREAK.
Runoff-9
CLEAR TABS N1,N2,... [CT]
The tab settings indicated by N1, N2,... are cleared
by this command. If no tab settings are specified, RUNOFF
clears all tab settings.
DOUBLE SPACE [DS]
This command puts RUNOFF into double spacing mode. A
line will be spaced after each line of output.
ENDFIGURE [EFIG]
The end of a Figure page is indicated by this command.
This command breaks off any partially filled text line of
the figure. If not in Figure mode (see FIGURE command),
this command is ignored.
FIGURE [FIG]
This command breaks off any partially completed text
line and outputs it. It then establishes Figure processing
mode. This mode is used to pre-process a page of text (a
Figure) for output when the next page boundary is reached.
RUNOFF stores the output of the Figure in an internal buffer
and dumps the buffer when the top of the next page is
reached. When an END FIGURE command is reached, RUNOFF
continues processing of the current page as if nothing had
happened.
FILL [F]
RUNOFF is placed into line fill mode by this command.
Symbols get processed until there are enough to fit on a
line without overflowing it. If justification mode is on,
RUNOFF will insert extra spaces in the line (at random) to
make the right margin line up.
HEADER [H]
As a result of this command, the next text line will be
scanned in NOFILL mode and stored in a page header buffer.
The page header will be output in the middle of the top
Runoff-10
margin of each page of output. This mode cannot be reset,
but the header can be changed by successive HEADER commands.
Note that the page header takes precedence over line numbers
at the top of pages. Also note that page headers may be
centered by using a CENTER command before the header text
line.
INDENT N [I]
This command causes the next line of output to be
indented by N spaces. However, if N is greater than the
current line length, the command is ignored. This command
causes a BREAK to occur before the next line of output.
INDENT MARGIN N [IM]
The left margin is set to its current value plus N by
this command. The line length is decreased by N.
JUSTIFY [J]
This command is identical to the ADJUST command.
LEFT MARGIN N [LMR]
The left margin spacing is modified with this command.
The new left margin is set to N, unless N exceeds the
maximum line length. The line length is modified by this
command. The current left margin minus N is added to the
current line length to obtain the new line length.
LINE N [L]
This command tells RUNOFF to skip to line number N.
The next text line will be output on line N. This command
breaks off and outputs any partially filled text line before
skipping.
LINE LENGTH N [LNL]
The line length is set to N by this command. If N is
greater than the maximum line length, this command is
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ignored.
LOWER CASE [LC]
This command places RUNOFF into lower case mode. In
lower case mode all letters are automatically made lower
case. They may then be made upper case by various text
commands or control characters.
NO CAPITALIZE SENTENCES [NCS]
This command resets the capitalize sentences mode.
NOFILL [NF]
This command resets both the ADJUST and FILL modes.
Text lines will be output as they are (after possible
elimination of special characters or capitalization has been
performed). Note that tabs and spaces have effect in NOFILL
mode. Spaces are treated as spaces. Tabs cause insertion
of sufficient spaces so that the next character starts at a
tab setting. Tab settings are relative to the current left
margin. This command causes a BREAK.
NOJUST [NJ]
The ADJUST mode is reset by this command. A BREAK also
occurs before any following output lines.
NO LOWER CASE [NLC]
Lower case mode is reset by this command. Alphabetic
characters will be processed as they are, unless modified by
special commands. This mode allows users of terminals
having upper and lower case letters to generate the text
input file using the full character set mode of the monitor.
NO NUMBER PAGES [NNP]
This command resets both page numbering at top and page
numbering at the bottom.
Runoff-12
NO PAGE PREFIX [NPP]
This command informs RUNOFF to discontinue prefixing
page numbers with the user specified page prefix. If page
numbering is in effect, RUNOFF reverts to the standard page
number format (i.e. "- N -").
NUMBER PAGES BOTTOM N [NPB]
This command tells RUNOFF to number pages at the middle
of the bottom margin starting with the number N. If N is
not specified or is 0, RUNOFF uses the current page number.
NUMBER PAGES TOP N [NPT]
This command tells RUNOFF to number pages at the middle
of the top margin starting with the number N. If N is not
specified or is 0, RUNOFF uses the current page number.
PAPER LENGTH N [PRL]
The paper length is set to N lines, unless N is less
than the current top margin plus the current bottom margin.
PAGE PREFIX [PP]
This command tells RUNOFF to store the contents of the
next text line in a page prefix buffer and to set page
prefix mode on. In normal page numbering mode the page
number N is edited as "- N -". However, if page numbering
were in effect and page prefixing mode were on with a page
prefix of "RUNOFF-", the page number would be edited as
"RUNOFF-N".
SET TABS N1,N2,... [ST]
Tabs are set at the positions N1, N2, ... by this
command. If no tab settings are specified, RUNOFF sets tabs
at positions 1, 9, 17, 25, ... NOTE: This command does not
reset any previously set tabs. In particular, the initial
tab settings of 1, 9, 17, ... are in effect until they are
cleared. Tab settings are always processed relative to the
current left margin setting, not relative to the left
Runoff-13
boundary of the page.
SINGLE SPACE [SS]
The spacing mode of RUNOFF is changed to single
spacing. Each line of output immediately follows the
previous line with no blank line intervening.
SPACE N [SP]
N lines are spaced before the next line of output,
unless the next line of output would be the first line on
the next page. If the next line of output goes on the next
page, the line will be output at the top line of the page.
If N is not specified or is 0, spacing of 1 line is assumed.
This command causes a BREAK to occur.
TAB N [T]
This command is similar to the BLANK command. However,
it causes a variable number of spaces to be generated as a
symbol. If N is absent, enough spaces are generated so that
the next symbol of the output line starts at the next tab
stop (relative to the left margin). If N is present,
sufficient spaces get generated so that the next symbol of
the output line starts at column N relative to the left
margin. This command has no effect in NOFILL mode or in
FILL and JUSTIFY mode.
TOP MARGIN N [TMR]
The top margin of each page is set to N lines, unless N
is greater than the current paper length minus the current
bottom margin.
UNDENT N [UD]
This command causes undentation (indentation to the
left of the left margin) of the next output line by N
spaces. This command is ignored if N is greater than the
current left margin. A BREAK occurs as a result of this
command.
Runoff-14
UNDENT MARGIN N [UM]
The left margin is set to its current value minus N.
This command also adds N to the line length.
UNDERLINE [UL]
This command tells RUNOFF to underline all symbols on
the next text input line. If the next text line is
processed in NOFILL mode, the entire line is underlined.
This mode is ignored for devices which cannot handle
underlining.
UPPER CASE [UC]
This command causes RUNOFF to capitalize all letters on
the next text input line. This mode takes precedence over
the lower case mode. After the next text input line is
processed, this mode is reset.
In addition to text commands, RUNOFF has a number of
features:
Any text line which starts with a space and is
processed under FILL mode causes RUNOFF to do
paragraphing. Paragraphing is equivalent to the
command, .INDENT 5 , which forces a BREAK and
indentation of the next output line by 5 spaces.
When a tab is encountered while processing a symbol in
FILL mode, enough spaces are stored in the symbol so
that the next character after the tab in the symbol
will be output at the next tab setting relative to the
left margin when the symbol is output on a line.
Centering the output line, of course, may change the
effective tab settings relative to the left margin.
The character, "↑" (an up arrow on TTY33's), is a
special control character which is used for many
purposes:
Runoff-15
A. "↑" followed by a letter will capitalize the
letter. For example, "↑a" is a capitalized "a".
B. "↑" followed by up to 3 digits will insert a
character in the text which has a character code
corresponding to the octal value of the digits.
For example, "↑145" will be inserted in the text
as a character whose code is octal 145.
C. "↑↑" is equivalent to "↑".
D. "↑-" causes RUNOFF to capitalize all letters until
a matching "↑-" is encountered.
E. "↑←" ("←" is a left arrow on TTY33's) causes
RUNOFF to underline all characters until a
matching "↑←" is encountered.
F. "↑X", where X is any character not mentioned
above, is equivalent to "↑" followed by the
character "X".
The RUNOFF definition of a symbol is almost obvious.
In FILL mode, a symbol is a sequential group of non-control
characters (except backspace and tab) which is delimited by
a separator character. Separator characters in FILL mode
are: space, carriage return, and in JUSTIFY mode a tab. In
NOFILL mode, a symbol is an entire text line which is
delimited by a carriage return.
Hints on Using RUNOFF
The following hints on using RUNOFF have been found to
be extremely valuable throughout the previous three years
(Incidentally, this RUNOFF was written approximately a year
before DEC announced their "RUNOFF"!):
1. When generating an input file for RUNOFF, it is
much easier to add the text control commands while
typing the text lines than it is to generate a
complete text file and then add the text control
commands later.
2. It is advisable to type all documentation files
Runoff-16
using upper case letters. Otherwise, one will find
it extremely difficult to modify the file on
terminals having only upper case letters.
3. To facilitate addition and deletion of sentences in
an input file to RUNOFF, it is recommended that a
new sentence should not be started on the same text
line as the previous sentence ended.
4. It is helpful to insert undefined text commands in
the input file. The undefined commands can be used
as search pointers to help locate a particular area
of the file. Since the commands are invalid,
RUNOFF ignores them. (Suggestion: Since new text
commands may be added in the future, it is
recommended that the first character of any
currently illegal text command be non-alphabetic,
to avoid possible conflicts with future commands.)
5. Since RUNOFF optimizes line spacing by not doing
spacing if it is at the top of a page, it is not
normally possible to space lines at the top of a
page. To obtain spacing at the top of a page, one
(a.) switches RUNOFF to NOFILL mode, (b.) inserts
one blank line of text, (c.) switches back to the
previous mode, and (d.) uses a SPACE command to do
the rest of the spacing.
6. In order to produce labelled paragraphs, such as
this one, whose right and left margins are
justified, it is necessary to use a special trick.
The best way to explain how it works is to give an
example. The following lines in the input file
were used to produce the lines of this paragraph:
.SP.UD4
6.↑40↑40↑IN ORDER TO PRODUCE
LABELLED PARAGRAPHS, SUCH AS THIS ONE,
WHOSE RIGHT AND LEFT MARGINS
ARE JUSTIFIED, IT IS NECESSARY
TO USE A SPECIAL TRICK.
THE BEST WAY TO EXPLAIN HOW IT WORKS
IS TO GIVE AN EXAMPLE.
THE FOLLOWING LINES IN THE INPUT
FILE WERE USED TO PRODUCE THE LINES
OF THIS PARAGRAPH:
.SP
Runoff-17
A. K. Olson
February 15, 1972
This documentation language was
originally developed by the above
individual at Interactive Computing
Corporation, Orange, California.
Subsequent modifications were made by
the author at the University of
California at Irvine.
Runoff-18
Appendix A
IBM 2741 Operating Instructions
RUNOFF, at the present time, determines if the output
device is an IBM 2741 data terminal by examining the output
device name. If a user specifies device, TTY22: (logical or
physical) or logical device 2741:, as the output device, the
output will be assumed to be going to the 2741. (Currently
the only 2741 that we have is a slave terminal on port:
TTY22:. As more 2741's are added (if any), RUNOFF will be
modified to also handle them.)
The following steps should be taken before each use of
the IBM 2741 data terminal:
1. The user should assign the terminal by using a
monitor ASSIGN command. This will resolve any
conflicts caused by different users trying to
access the terminal.
2. The user should check the switch, in the left panel
of the terminal, to make certain that it is in the
COM position.
3. The ON-OFF switch on the right side of the 2741
keyboard should be switched to OFF and then back to
ON.
4. The RETURN key on the keyboard should then be
depressed to put the terminal in a receive state.
5. The terminal is now ready for use. The user should
check to see that the desired type ball is mounted
on the terminal. Also, if the type ball is other
than 1 (#934), he must be sure that he tells RUNOFF
which ball is mounted. By using the stop after
each page feature of RUNOFF, he can change type
balls between pages.
6. When the user is finished with the terminal, he
should deassign it.
Runoff A-1
Appendix B
IBM 2741 Character Set - Ball 1 (#934)
↑040 ↑100 @ ↑140 `
↑041 ! ↑101 A ↑141 a
↑042 " ↑102 B ↑142 b
↑043 # ↑103 C ↑143 c
↑044 $ ↑104 D ↑144 d
↑045 % ↑105 E ↑145 e
↑046 & ↑106 F ↑146 f
↑047 ' ↑107 G ↑147 g
↑050 ( ↑110 H ↑150 h
↑051 ) ↑111 I ↑151 i
↑052 * ↑112 J ↑152 j
↑053 + ↑113 K ↑153 k
↑054 , ↑114 L ↑154 l
↑055 - ↑115 M ↑155 m
↑056 . ↑116 N ↑156 n
↑057 / ↑117 O ↑157 o
↑060 0 ↑120 P ↑160 p
↑061 1 ↑121 Q ↑161 q
↑062 2 ↑122 R ↑162 r
↑063 3 ↑123 S ↑163 s
↑064 4 ↑124 T ↑164 t
↑065 5 ↑125 U ↑165 u
↑066 6 ↑126 V ↑166 v
↑067 7 ↑127 W ↑167 w
↑070 8 ↑130 X ↑170 x
↑071 9 ↑131 Y ↑171 y
↑072 : ↑132 Z ↑172 z
↑073 ; ↑133 [ ↑173 {
↑074 < ↑134 \ ↑174 |
↑075 = ↑135 ] ↑175 ⎇
↑076 > ↑136 ↑ ↑176 }
↑077 ? ↑137 ← ↑177 ␈
This is an example of the print quality of this type
ball. EvErY oThEr LeTtEr In ThIs RiDiIcLoUs SeNtEnCe Is
CaPiTaLiZeD. Here are some special characters: !"#$%&'()*=
-*<>? /.,+;@←. Hopefully, you can use this example to
determine if you desire to use this type ball.
Runoff B-1
IBM 2741 Character Set - Ball 2 (#137M)
↑040 ↑100 @ ↑140 `
↑041 ! ↑101 A ↑141 a
↑042 " ↑102 B ↑142 b
↑043 # ↑103 C ↑143 c
↑044 $ ↑104 D ↑144 d
↑045 % ↑105 E ↑145 e
↑046 & ↑106 F ↑146 f
↑047 ' ↑107 G ↑147 g
↑050 ( ↑110 H ↑150 h
↑051 ) ↑111 I ↑151 i
↑052 * ↑112 J ↑152 j
↑053 + ↑113 K ↑153 k
↑054 , ↑114 L ↑154 l
↑055 - ↑115 M ↑155 m
↑056 . ↑116 N ↑156 n
↑057 / ↑117 O ↑157 o
↑060 0 ↑120 P ↑160 p
↑061 1 ↑121 Q ↑161 q
↑062 2 ↑122 R ↑162 r
↑063 3 ↑123 S ↑163 s
↑064 4 ↑124 T ↑164 t
↑065 5 ↑125 U ↑165 u
↑066 6 ↑126 V ↑166 v
↑067 7 ↑127 W ↑167 w
↑070 8 ↑130 X ↑170 x
↑071 9 ↑131 Y ↑171 y
↑072 : ↑132 Z ↑172 z
↑073 ; ↑133 [ ↑173 {
↑074 < ↑134 \ ↑174 |
↑075 = ↑135 ] ↑175 ⎇
↑076 > ↑136 ↑ ↑176 }
↑077 ? ↑137 ← ↑177 ␈
This is an example of the print quality of this type
ball. EvErY oThEr LeTtEr In ThIs RiDiIcLoUs SeNtEnCe Is
CaPiTaLiZeD. Here are some special characters: !"#$%&'()*=
-*<>? /.,+;@←. Hopefully, you can use this example to
determine if you desire to use this type ball.
Runoff B-2
IBM 2741 Character Set - Ball 3 (#938)
↑040 ↑100 @ ↑140 `
↑041 ! ↑101 A ↑141 a
↑042 " ↑102 B ↑142 b
↑043 # ↑103 C ↑143 c
↑044 $ ↑104 D ↑144 d
↑045 % ↑105 E ↑145 e
↑046 & ↑106 F ↑146 f
↑047 ' ↑107 G ↑147 g
↑050 ( ↑110 H ↑150 h
↑051 ) ↑111 I ↑151 i
↑052 * ↑112 J ↑152 j
↑053 + ↑113 K ↑153 k
↑054 , ↑114 L ↑154 l
↑055 - ↑115 M ↑155 m
↑056 . ↑116 N ↑156 n
↑057 / ↑117 O ↑157 o
↑060 0 ↑120 P ↑160 p
↑061 1 ↑121 Q ↑161 q
↑062 2 ↑122 R ↑162 r
↑063 3 ↑123 S ↑163 s
↑064 4 ↑124 T ↑164 t
↑065 5 ↑125 U ↑165 u
↑066 6 ↑126 V ↑166 v
↑067 7 ↑127 W ↑167 w
↑070 8 ↑130 X ↑170 x
↑071 9 ↑131 Y ↑171 y
↑072 : ↑132 Z ↑172 z
↑073 ; ↑133 [ ↑173 {
↑074 < ↑134 \ ↑174 |
↑075 = ↑135 ] ↑175 ⎇
↑076 > ↑136 ↑ ↑176 }
↑077 ? ↑137 ← ↑177 ␈
This is an example of the print quality of this type
ball. EvErY oThEr LeTtEr In ThIs RiDiIcLoUs SeNtEnCe Is
CaPiTaLiZeD. Here are some special characters: !"#$%&'()*=
-*<>? /.,+;@←. Hopefully, you can use this example to
determine if you desire to use this type ball.
Runoff B-3
TELETYPE Model 37 Character Set
↑040 ↑100 @ ↑140 `
↑041 ! ↑101 A ↑141 a
↑042 " ↑102 B ↑142 b
↑043 # ↑103 C ↑143 c
↑044 $ ↑104 D ↑144 d
↑045 % ↑105 E ↑145 e
↑046 & ↑106 F ↑146 f
↑047 ' ↑107 G ↑147 g
↑050 ( ↑110 H ↑150 h
↑051 ) ↑111 I ↑151 i
↑052 * ↑112 J ↑152 j
↑053 + ↑113 K ↑153 k
↑054 , ↑114 L ↑154 l
↑055 - ↑115 M ↑155 m
↑056 . ↑116 N ↑156 n
↑057 / ↑117 O ↑157 o
↑060 0 ↑120 P ↑160 p
↑061 1 ↑121 Q ↑161 q
↑062 2 ↑122 R ↑162 r
↑063 3 ↑123 S ↑163 s
↑064 4 ↑124 T ↑164 t
↑065 5 ↑125 U ↑165 u
↑066 6 ↑126 V ↑166 v
↑067 7 ↑127 W ↑167 w
↑070 8 ↑130 X ↑170 x
↑071 9 ↑131 Y ↑171 y
↑072 : ↑132 Z ↑172 z
↑073 ; ↑133 [ ↑173 {
↑074 < ↑134 \ ↑174 |
↑075 = ↑135 ] ↑175 ⎇
↑076 > ↑136 ↑ ↑176 }
↑077 ? ↑137 ← ↑177 ␈
This is an example of the print quality of this type
ball. EvErY oThEr LeTtEr In ThIs RiDiIcLoUs SeNtEnCe Is
CaPiTaLiZeD. Here are some special characters: !"#$%&'()*=
-*<>? /.,+;@←. Hopefully, you can use this example to
determine if you desire to use this type ball.
Runoff B-4
Table of LP10E Characters and Codes
↑000 ↑040 ↑100 @ ↑140 `
↑001 ↓ ↑041 ! ↑101 A ↑141 a
↑002 α ↑042 " ↑102 B ↑142 b
↑003 β ↑043 # ↑103 C ↑143 c
↑004 ∧ ↑044 $ ↑104 D ↑144 d
↑005 ¬ ↑045 % ↑105 E ↑145 e
↑006 ε ↑046 & ↑106 F ↑146 f
↑007 π ↑047 ' ↑107 G ↑147 g
↑010 λ ↑050 ( ↑110 H ↑150 h
↑011 ↑051 ) ↑111 I ↑151 i
↑012
↑052 * ↑112 J ↑152 j
↑013 ↑053 + ↑113 K ↑153 k
↑014 ↑054 , ↑114 L ↑154 l
↑015
↑055 - ↑115 M ↑155 m
↑016 ∞ ↑056 . ↑116 N ↑156 n
↑017 ∂ ↑057 / ↑117 O ↑157 o
↑020 ⊂ ↑060 0 ↑120 P ↑160 p
↑021 ⊃ ↑061 1 ↑121 Q ↑161 q
↑022 ∩ ↑062 2 ↑122 R ↑162 r
↑023 ∪ ↑063 3 ↑123 S ↑163 s
↑024 ∀ ↑064 4 ↑124 T ↑164 t
↑025 ∃ ↑065 5 ↑125 U ↑165 u
↑026 ⊗ ↑066 6 ↑126 V ↑166 v
↑027 ↔ ↑067 7 ↑127 W ↑167 w
↑030 _ ↑070 8 ↑130 X ↑170 x
↑031 → ↑071 9 ↑131 Y ↑171 y
↑032 ~ ↑072 : ↑132 Z ↑172 z
↑033 ≠ ↑073 ; ↑133 [ ↑173 {
↑034 ≤ ↑074 < ↑134 \ ↑174 |
↑035 ≥ ↑075 = ↑135 ] ↑175 ⎇
↑036 ≡ ↑076 > ↑136 ↑ ↑176 }
↑037 ∨ ↑077 ? ↑137 ← ↑177 ␈
This is an example of the print quality of this type
ball. EvErY oThEr LeTtEr In ThIs RiDiIcLoUs SeNtEnCe Is
CaPiTaLiZeD. Here are some special characters: !"#$%&'()*=
-*<>? /.,+;@←. Hopefully, you can use this example to
determine if you desire to use this type ball.
Runoff B-5